nursing home in Creswell, OR

Creswell Post Acute

735 South 2nd Street, Creswell, OR 97426 · (541) 895-3333

★★★★★2
Below average
CMS overall star rating
  • Health inspections★★★★★2
  • Staffing★★★★★4
  • Quality measures★★★★★3

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Care Compare. We refresh our information from this source. About our data

Creswell Post Acute at a glance

Creswell Post Acute is a 76-bed for-profit nursing home in Creswell, Oregon (Lane County).

CMS gives it 2 out of 5 stars on its overall star rating, worse than the Oregon average of 3.1.

Residents receive about 5 hours of nursing care per day (0.4 of them from registered nurses), close to the state average of 5 hours.

Its most recent standard health inspection (January 30, 2026) found 16 health citations. The Oregon average is 9.2.

It has not received a federal fine in the past three years.

Nursing staff turnover is 44% per year (state average 47.4%).

Facility details

Type
Nursing home
Ownership
For Profit - Limited Liability Company
Beds
76
Certified for
Medicare and Medicaid
Chain / affiliated entity
Pacs Group
Medicare-certified since
April 28, 1988
Resident/family council
Resident
County
Lane County
CMS Certification Number
385182

Ratings

MeasureThis facilityOregon avg.U.S. avg.vs. U.S.
Overall star rating ⓘ (higher is better)2 / 53.1 / 53 / 5Worse
Health inspection rating ⓘ (higher is better)2 / 52.8 / 52.8 / 5Worse
Staffing rating ⓘ (higher is better)4 / 53.9 / 52.9 / 5Better
Quality measures rating ⓘ (higher is better)3 / 53.5 / 53.6 / 5Worse
Long-stay quality rating (higher is better)4 / 53.4 / 53.8 / 5Average
Short-stay (rehab) quality rating (higher is better)3 / 53.7 / 53.3 / 5Average

Staffing

This facility5.04 hrsOregon average5.03 hrsU.S. average3.86 hrs
Total nurse staff hours per resident per day: this facility vs. Oregon and U.S. averages
MeasureThis facilityOregon avg.U.S. avg.vs. U.S.
Total nurse staff hours per resident per day ⓘ (higher is better)5.04 hrs5.03 hrs3.86 hrsBetter
Registered nurse hours per resident per day (higher is better)0.38 hrs0.72 hrs0.69 hrsWorse
Nurse aide hours per resident per day (higher is better)3.69 hrs3.40 hrs2.32 hrsBetter
Weekend nurse staff hours per resident per day (higher is better)4.66 hrs4.51 hrs3.42 hrsBetter
Nursing staff turnover (yearly) (lower is better)44%47.4%45.8%Average
Registered nurse turnover (yearly) (lower is better)66.7%51.6%42.9%Worse
Administrators who left in the past year (lower is better)011Better

Inspections

This facility16Oregon average9U.S. average9
Health citations in the most recent inspection: this facility vs. Oregon and U.S. averages
MeasureThis facilityOregon avg.U.S. avg.vs. U.S.
Health citations in the most recent inspection (lower is better)1699Worse
Citations from complaint investigations (latest cycle) (lower is better)523Worse
Weighted health inspection score ⓘ (lower is better)8471.880.6Average

Penalties

This facility0Oregon average1U.S. average1
Fines in the past 3 years: this facility vs. Oregon and U.S. averages
MeasureThis facilityOregon avg.U.S. avg.vs. U.S.
Fines in the past 3 years (lower is better)011Better
Total fines in the past 3 years (lower is better)$0$27,522$30,972Better
All federal penalties in the past 3 years (lower is better)011Better

Size

MeasureThis facilityOregon avg.U.S. avg.vs. U.S.
Certified beds7683107
Average residents per day685886
Occupancy90%71.9%80.9%

Long-stay residents

This facility4.1%Oregon average2.4%U.S. average3.2%
Long-stay residents with a fall causing major injury: this facility vs. Oregon and U.S. averages
MeasureThis facilityOregon avg.U.S. avg.vs. U.S.
Long-stay residents with a fall causing major injury (lower is better)4.1%2.4%3.2%Worse
Long-stay residents with pressure ulcers (lower is better)6.7%5.8%4.6%Worse
Long-stay residents given antipsychotic medication (lower is better)8.5%13.9%15.4%Better
Long-stay residents with a urinary tract infection (lower is better)0.5%2%1.6%Better
Long-stay residents with a catheter left in the bladder (lower is better)0.5%1.4%0.8%Better
Long-stay residents needing more help with daily activities (lower is better)12.6%14.9%13.9%Better
Long-stay residents whose walking worsened (lower is better)23.6%20.6%14.1%Worse
Long-stay residents who lose too much weight (lower is better)3.1%4.7%5.2%Better
Long-stay residents with depressive symptoms (lower is better)0%4.9%12.8%Better
Long-stay residents who were physically restrained (lower is better)0%0.1%0.1%Better
Long-stay residents given anti-anxiety or sleep medication (lower is better)10.1%12.4%19.5%Better
Long-stay residents with new or worse incontinence (lower is better)22.5%21.8%19%Worse
Long-stay residents given a flu vaccine (higher is better)100%95.2%95.5%Average
Long-stay residents given a pneumonia vaccine (higher is better)95.9%95.2%93.6%Average

Short-stay residents

This facility1%Oregon average1.4%U.S. average1.6%
Short-stay residents newly given antipsychotic medication: this facility vs. Oregon and U.S. averages
MeasureThis facilityOregon avg.U.S. avg.vs. U.S.
Short-stay residents newly given antipsychotic medication (lower is better)1%1.4%1.6%Better
Short-stay residents given a flu vaccine (higher is better)87.5%81.2%79.8%Better
Short-stay residents given a pneumonia vaccine (higher is better)71.5%85.6%82%Worse

Inspection citations

State inspectors cited this home for 50 health deficiencies and 16 fire safety deficiencies in the inspection records CMS currently publishes. None were rated as causing actual harm to residents.

DateCitationSeverityStatus
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Inspect, test, and maintain automatic sprinkler systems.
Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0353
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Have simulated fire drills held at unexpected times.
Miscellaneous Deficiencies · Tag K0712
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Include a process for Emergency Preparedness collaboration.
Emergency Preparedness Deficiencies · Tag E0009
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Establish emergency prep training and testing.
Emergency Preparedness Deficiencies · Tag E0036
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Conduct testing and exercise requirements.
Emergency Preparedness Deficiencies · Tag E0039
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Have approved installation, maintenance and testing program for fire alarm systems.
Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0345
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Ensure that special areas are constructed so that walls can resist fire for one hour or have an approved fire extinguishing system.
Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0321
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Have properly installed electrical wiring and gas equipment.
Services Deficiencies · Tag K0511
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Ensure proper usage of power strips and extension cords.
Gas, Vacuum, and Electrical Systems Deficiencies · Tag K0920
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Fire safety
Install emergency lighting that can last at least 1 1/2 hours.
Egress Deficiencies · Tag K0291
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 21, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
Infection Control Deficiencies · Tag F0880
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
Nutrition and Dietary Deficiencies · Tag F0812
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist.
Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Tag F0755
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Provide safe and appropriate respiratory care for a resident when needed.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0695
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Allow residents to self-administer drugs if determined clinically appropriate.
Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0554
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Create and put into place a plan for meeting the resident's most immediate needs within 48 hours of being admitted
Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0655
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.
Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0656
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0677
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Educate residents and staff on COVID-19 vaccination, offer the COVID-19 vaccine to eligible residents and staff after education, and properly document each resident and staff member's vaccination status.
Infection Control Deficiencies · Tag F0887
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Develop and implement policies and procedures for flu and pneumonia vaccinations.
Infection Control Deficiencies · Tag F0883
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 6, 2026
January 30, 2026
Standard
Ensure that nurses and nurse aides have the appropriate competencies to care for every resident in a way that maximizes each resident's well being.
Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies · Tag F0726
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected March 6, 2026
December 11, 2025
Complaint
Assess the resident completely in a timely manner when first admitted, and then periodically, at least every 12 months.
Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0636
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected January 12, 2026
December 11, 2025
Complaint
Timely report suspected abuse, neglect, or theft and report the results of the investigation to proper authorities.
Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies · Tag F0609
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected December 4, 2025
December 11, 2025
Complaint
Provide enough nursing staff every day to meet the needs of every resident; and have a licensed nurse in charge on each shift.
Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies · Tag F0725
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected January 12, 2026
December 11, 2025
Complaint
Develop the complete care plan within 7 days of the comprehensive assessment; and prepared, reviewed, and revised by a team of health professionals.
Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0657
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected January 12, 2026
December 11, 2025
Complaint
Ensure the transfer/discharge meets the resident's needs/preferences and that the resident is prepared for a safe transfer/discharge.
Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0627
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected January 12, 2026
November 19, 2025
Fire safety
Meet requirements for operating features, such as evacuation plans, fire drills, smoking regulations, draperies, decorations and the inspection, testing and maintenance of fire doors.
Miscellaneous Deficiencies · Tag K0700
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected January 16, 2026
November 19, 2025
Fire safety
Establish staff and initial training requirements.
Emergency Preparedness Deficiencies · Tag E0037
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected January 16, 2026
November 19, 2025
Fire safety
Develop Emergency Preparedness policies and procedures.
Emergency Preparedness Deficiencies · Tag E0013
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected January 16, 2026
October 9, 2024
Complaint
Ensure necessary information is communicated to the resident, and receiving health care provider at the time of a planned discharge.
Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0661
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Fire safety
Conduct risk assessment and an All-Hazards approach.
Emergency Preparedness Deficiencies · Tag E0006
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Fire safety
Have simulated fire drills held at unexpected times.
Miscellaneous Deficiencies · Tag K0712
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Fire safety
To conduct inspection, testing and maintenance of fire doors by qualified individuals.
Miscellaneous Deficiencies · Tag K0761
F
Potential harm, widespread
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Complaint
Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0684
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Ensure drugs and biologicals used in the facility are labeled in accordance with currently accepted professional principles; and all drugs and biologicals must be stored in locked compartments, separately locked, compartments for controlled drugs.
Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Tag F0761
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Complaint
Keep residents' personal and medical records private and confidential.
Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0583
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Honor the resident's right to voice grievances without discrimination or reprisal and the facility must establish a grievance policy and make prompt efforts to resolve grievances.
Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0585
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Notify the resident or the resident’s representative in writing how long the nursing home will hold the resident’s bed in cases of transfer to a hospital or therapeutic leave.
Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0625
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Create and put into place a plan for meeting the resident's most immediate needs within 48 hours of being admitted
Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0655
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Plan the resident's discharge to meet the resident's goals and needs.
Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0660
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0677
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Assist a resident in gaining access to vision and hearing services.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0685
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Complaint
Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0686
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Provide appropriate care for a resident to maintain and/or improve range of motion (ROM), limited ROM and/or mobility, unless a decline is for a medical reason.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0688
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Complaint
Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0689
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Ensure medication error rates are not 5 percent or greater.
Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Tag F0759
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Inform resident or representatives choice to enter into binding arbitration agreement and right to refuse.
Administration Deficiencies · Tag F0847
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Complaint
Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.
Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0550
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Ensure that residents are fully informed and understand their health status, care and treatments.
Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0552
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
August 30, 2024
Standard
Immediately tell the resident, the resident's doctor, and a family member of situations (injury/decline/room, etc.) that affect the resident.
Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0580
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 17, 2024
September 15, 2023
Complaint
Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0677
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected October 25, 2023
September 15, 2023
Complaint
Provide enough nursing staff every day to meet the needs of every resident; and have a licensed nurse in charge on each shift.
Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies · Tag F0725
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected October 25, 2023
September 15, 2023
Complaint
Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0690
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 25, 2023
September 15, 2023
Complaint
Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies · Tag F0600
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 25, 2023
September 15, 2023
Complaint
Provide the appropriate treatment and services to a resident who displays or is diagnosed with dementia.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0744
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 25, 2023
September 15, 2023
Complaint
Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0684
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected October 25, 2023
September 15, 2023
Complaint
Ensure that residents are free from significant medication errors.
Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Tag F0760
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected January 11, 2023
May 5, 2023
Standard
Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0684
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected June 24, 2023
May 5, 2023
Standard
Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0689
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected June 24, 2023
May 5, 2023
Standard
Provide enough nursing staff every day to meet the needs of every resident; and have a licensed nurse in charge on each shift.
Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies · Tag F0725
E
Potential harm, pattern
Corrected June 24, 2023
May 5, 2023
Standard
Honor the resident's right to be treated with respect and dignity and to retain and use personal possessions.
Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0557
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected June 24, 2023
May 5, 2023
Standard
Arrange for the provision of hospice services or assist the resident in transferring to a facility that will arrange for the provision of hospice services.
Administration Deficiencies · Tag F0849
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected June 24, 2023
May 5, 2023
Standard
Ensure medication error rates are not 5 percent or greater.
Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Tag F0759
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected June 24, 2023
May 5, 2023
Standard
Ensure a licensed pharmacist perform a monthly drug regimen review, including the medical chart, following irregularity reporting guidelines in developed policies and procedures.
Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Tag F0756
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected June 24, 2023
May 5, 2023
Standard
Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist.
Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Tag F0755
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected June 24, 2023
May 5, 2023
Standard
Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.
Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0656
D
Potential harm, isolated
Corrected June 24, 2023

Severity letters follow the CMS scope-and-severity grid: A–C no actual harm with potential for minimal harm; D–F potential for more than minimal harm; G–I actual harm; J–L immediate jeopardy to resident health or safety. How to read inspection citations.

Fines and payment denials

CMS reports no federal fines or payment denials in the past three years.

Owners and managers

Individuals and organizations reported to CMS as owning or operating this nursing home.

NameRoleShareSince
TRUIST BANK
Organization
5% or greater security interestNOT APPLICABLE09/01/2024
HOLMAN, RICK
Individual
adp of the snfNOT APPLICABLE06/05/2025
NHI-REIT OF IDAHO LP
Organization
adp of the snfNOT APPLICABLE09/01/2024
PROVIDENCE ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING SERVICES INC
Organization
adp of the snfNOT APPLICABLE09/01/2024
WALLENKAMPF, VICTOR
Individual
adp of the snfNOT APPLICABLE06/05/2025
APT, FREDERICK
Individual
operational/managerial controlNOT APPLICABLE05/10/2024
BOOKOUT, JESSICA
Individual
operational/managerial controlNOT APPLICABLE09/01/2024
HOLMAN, RICK
Individual
operational/managerial controlNOT APPLICABLE09/01/2024
JERGENSEN, JOSHUA
Individual
operational/managerial controlNOT APPLICABLE05/10/2024
MITCHELL, JOHN
Individual
operational/managerial controlNOT APPLICABLE05/10/2024
WALLENKAMPF, VICTOR
Individual
operational/managerial controlNOT APPLICABLE09/01/2024

Other nursing homes near Creswell Post Acute

  1. Creekside Health and Rehabilitation of Cascadia

    3500 Hilyard Street, Eugene, OR 97405 · 7.9 mi

    For-profit · 87 beds · Part of Cascadia Healthcare

    • CMS high performer
    ★★★★★5Much above average
  2. South Hills Rehabilitation Center

    1166 E. 28th Avenue, Eugene, OR 97403 · 8.4 mi

    For-profit · 110 beds · Part of Volare Health

    • Special Focus candidate
    • Abuse citation
    ★★★★★1Much below average
  3. Cascade Manor

    65 West 30th Avenue, Eugene, OR 97405 · 8.4 mi

    Non-profit · 32 beds · Part of Pacific Retirement Services

    ★★★★★4Above average
  4. Hillside Heights Rehabilitation Center

    1201 McLean Blvd., Eugene, OR 97405 · 9 mi

    For-profit · 83 beds · Part of Volare Health

    ★★★★★3Average
  5. Cottage Grove Post Acute

    515 Grant Street, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 · 9.2 mi

    For-profit · 80 beds · Part of Pacs Group

    ★★★★★3Average
  6. Avamere Rehabilitation of Eugene

    2360 Chambers Street, Eugene, OR 97405 · 9.7 mi

    For-profit · 92 beds · Part of Avamere

    ★★★★★1Much below average

All nursing homes in Creswell, OR · Compare side by side

Frequently asked questions

What is Creswell Post Acute's rating?

Creswell Post Acute has 2 out of 5 stars on the CMS overall star rating. The average for Oregon nursing homes is 3.1 stars.

How many inspection citations did Creswell Post Acute receive?

Its most recent standard health inspection found 16 citations, compared with a Oregon average of 9.2. Every citation is listed on this page with its severity.

Does Creswell Post Acute accept Medicare and Medicaid?

CMS lists it as certified for: Medicare and Medicaid. Call the facility to confirm bed availability and whether it accepts your specific plan.

Who owns Creswell Post Acute?

It is for profit - limited liability company and part of Pacs Group. The ownership section on this page lists the owners and managers reported to CMS.

Where is Creswell Post Acute and how do I contact it?

Creswell Post Acute is at 735 South 2nd Street, Creswell, OR 97426. Phone: (541) 895-3333.

About this data

Ratings and measures come from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Care Compare. They're based on state inspections, patient surveys and facility reports, and they describe the past. Facilities change, so visit in person and confirm details directly. About our data · Spotted an error? Let us know.