nursing home in Baltimore, MD
Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC
1601 East Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21239 · (410) 532-5600
CMS overall star rating
- Health inspections★★★★★4
- Staffing★★★★★3
- Quality measures★★★★★4
Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Care Compare. We refresh our information from this source. About our data
Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC at a glance
Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC is a 146-bed for-profit nursing home in Baltimore, Maryland (Baltimore City County).
CMS gives it 4 out of 5 stars on its overall star rating, better than the Maryland average of 3.2.
Residents receive about 3.7 hours of nursing care per day (0.6 of them from registered nurses), worse than the state average of 3.9 hours.
Its most recent standard health inspection (May 1, 2026) found 15 health citations. The Maryland average is 17.
It has not received a federal fine in the past three years.
Nursing staff turnover is 53.1% per year (state average 40.2%).
Facility details
- Type
- Nursing home
- Ownership
- For Profit - Limited Liability Company
- Beds
- 146
- Certified for
- Medicare and Medicaid
- Chain / affiliated entity
- Future Care/Lifebridge Health
- Medicare-certified since
- June 5, 1992
- Resident/family council
- Resident
- County
- Baltimore City County
- CMS Certification Number
- 215241
Ratings
| Measure | This facility | Maryland avg. | U.S. avg. | vs. U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall star rating ⓘ (higher is better) | 4 / 5 | 3.2 / 5 | 3 / 5 | Better |
| Health inspection rating ⓘ (higher is better) | 4 / 5 | 2.9 / 5 | 2.8 / 5 | Better |
| Staffing rating ⓘ (higher is better) | 3 / 5 | 3.2 / 5 | 2.9 / 5 | Average |
| Quality measures rating ⓘ (higher is better) | 4 / 5 | 3.9 / 5 | 3.6 / 5 | Average |
| Long-stay quality rating (higher is better) | 4 / 5 | 3.7 / 5 | 3.8 / 5 | Average |
| Short-stay (rehab) quality rating (higher is better) | 5 / 5 | 3.9 / 5 | 3.3 / 5 | Better |
Staffing
| Measure | This facility | Maryland avg. | U.S. avg. | vs. U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total nurse staff hours per resident per day ⓘ (higher is better) | 3.66 hrs | 3.87 hrs | 3.86 hrs | Worse |
| Registered nurse hours per resident per day (higher is better) | 0.60 hrs | 0.84 hrs | 0.69 hrs | Worse |
| Nurse aide hours per resident per day (higher is better) | 2.06 hrs | 2.12 hrs | 2.32 hrs | Worse |
| Weekend nurse staff hours per resident per day (higher is better) | 3.32 hrs | 3.47 hrs | 3.42 hrs | Average |
| Nursing staff turnover (yearly) (lower is better) | 53.1% | 40.2% | 45.8% | Worse |
| Registered nurse turnover (yearly) (lower is better) | 59.5% | 38.7% | 42.9% | Worse |
| Administrators who left in the past year (lower is better) | 0 | 0 | 1 | Better |
Inspections
| Measure | This facility | Maryland avg. | U.S. avg. | vs. U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health citations in the most recent inspection (lower is better) | 15 | 17 | 9 | Worse |
| Citations from complaint investigations (latest cycle) (lower is better) | 4 | 5 | 3 | Worse |
| Weighted health inspection score ⓘ (lower is better) | 69 | 115.1 | 80.6 | Better |
Penalties
| Measure | This facility | Maryland avg. | U.S. avg. | vs. U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fines in the past 3 years (lower is better) | 0 | 1 | 1 | Better |
| Total fines in the past 3 years (lower is better) | $0 | $21,934 | $30,972 | Better |
| All federal penalties in the past 3 years (lower is better) | 0 | 1 | 1 | Better |
Size
| Measure | This facility | Maryland avg. | U.S. avg. | vs. U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Certified beds | 146 | 124 | 107 | |
| Average residents per day | 141 | 106 | 86 | |
| Occupancy | 96.4% | 84.7% | 80.9% |
Long-stay residents
| Measure | This facility | Maryland avg. | U.S. avg. | vs. U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-stay residents with a fall causing major injury (lower is better) | 2.8% | 2.4% | 3.2% | Better |
| Long-stay residents with pressure ulcers (lower is better) | 8% | 5.9% | 4.6% | Worse |
| Long-stay residents given antipsychotic medication (lower is better) | 11.1% | 13.8% | 15.4% | Better |
| Long-stay residents with a urinary tract infection (lower is better) | 2.8% | 1.5% | 1.6% | Worse |
| Long-stay residents with a catheter left in the bladder (lower is better) | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.8% | Better |
| Long-stay residents needing more help with daily activities (lower is better) | 24.7% | 20.4% | 13.9% | Worse |
| Long-stay residents whose walking worsened (lower is better) | 47.8% | 22.2% | 14.1% | Worse |
| Long-stay residents who lose too much weight (lower is better) | 6.8% | 5.4% | 5.2% | Worse |
| Long-stay residents with depressive symptoms (lower is better) | 8.7% | 22.8% | 12.8% | Better |
| Long-stay residents who were physically restrained (lower is better) | 0% | 0% | 0.1% | Better |
| Long-stay residents given anti-anxiety or sleep medication (lower is better) | 6.5% | 16.7% | 19.5% | Better |
| Long-stay residents with new or worse incontinence (lower is better) | 30.4% | 25% | 19% | Worse |
| Long-stay residents given a flu vaccine (higher is better) | 98% | 96.6% | 95.5% | Average |
| Long-stay residents given a pneumonia vaccine (higher is better) | 83.1% | 92.6% | 93.6% | Worse |
Short-stay residents
| Measure | This facility | Maryland avg. | U.S. avg. | vs. U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short-stay residents newly given antipsychotic medication (lower is better) | 0.8% | 1.1% | 1.6% | Better |
| Short-stay residents given a flu vaccine (higher is better) | 64.9% | 80.6% | 79.8% | Worse |
| Short-stay residents given a pneumonia vaccine (higher is better) | 73.7% | 79.1% | 82% | Worse |
Inspection citations
State inspectors cited this home for 34 health deficiencies and 30 fire safety deficiencies in the inspection records CMS currently publishes. None were rated as causing actual harm to residents.
| Date | Citation | Severity | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Develop and maintain an Emergency Preparedness Program (EP). Emergency Preparedness Deficiencies · Tag E0004 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Have approved installation, maintenance and testing program for fire alarm systems. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0345 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Have generator or other power source capable of supplying service within 10 seconds. Gas, Vacuum, and Electrical Systems Deficiencies · Tag K0918 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Provide exit doors that are held open by devices that will automatically close on the activation of a fire alarm or smoke detector. Egress Deficiencies · Tag K0223 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Have properly installed electrical wiring and gas equipment. Services Deficiencies · Tag K0511 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Keep aisles, corridors, and exits free of obstruction in case of emergency. Egress Deficiencies · Tag K0211 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Inspect, test, and maintain automatic sprinkler systems. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0353 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Have properly located and lighted "Exit" signs. Egress Deficiencies · Tag K0293 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Have restrictions on the use of portable space heaters. Miscellaneous Deficiencies · Tag K0781 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Have stairways and smokeproof enclosures used as exits that meet safety requirements. Egress Deficiencies · Tag K0225 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Install emergency lighting that can last at least 1 1/2 hours. Egress Deficiencies · Tag K0291 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Fire safety | Install properly constructed and protected linen or trash chutes. Services Deficiencies · Tag K0541 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected July 10, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0677 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Provide safe, appropriate pain management for a resident who requires such services. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0697 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Provide safe and appropriate respiratory care for a resident when needed. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0695 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Complaint | Respond appropriately to all alleged violations. Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies · Tag F0610 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Complaint | Timely report suspected abuse, neglect, or theft and report the results of the investigation to proper authorities. Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies · Tag F0609 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Reasonably accommodate the needs and preferences of each resident. Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0558 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Allow residents to self-administer drugs if determined clinically appropriate. Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0554 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights. Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0550 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Educate residents and staff on COVID-19 vaccination, offer the COVID-19 vaccine to eligible residents and staff after education, and properly document each resident and staff member's vaccination status. Infection Control Deficiencies · Tag F0887 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards. Nutrition and Dietary Deficiencies · Tag F0812 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Complaint | Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0686 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Provide the appropriate treatment and services to a resident who displays or is diagnosed with mental disorder or psychosocial adjustment difficulty, or who has a history of trauma and/or post-traumatic stress disorder. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0742 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Complaint | Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0684 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Develop the complete care plan within 7 days of the comprehensive assessment; and prepared, reviewed, and revised by a team of health professionals. Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0657 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 1, 2026 Standard | Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured. Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0656 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 30, 2026 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Ensure receptacles at patient bed locations and where general anesthesia is administered, are tested after initial installation, replacement or servicing. Gas, Vacuum, and Electrical Systems Deficiencies · Tag K0914 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Have simulated fire drills held at unexpected times. Miscellaneous Deficiencies · Tag K0712 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Have approved installation, maintenance and testing program for fire alarm systems. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0345 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Have generator or other power source capable of supplying service within 10 seconds. Gas, Vacuum, and Electrical Systems Deficiencies · Tag K0918 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Have properly located and lighted "Exit" signs. Egress Deficiencies · Tag K0293 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Keep aisles, corridors, and exits free of obstruction in case of emergency. Egress Deficiencies · Tag K0211 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Install emergency lighting that can last at least 1 1/2 hours. Egress Deficiencies · Tag K0291 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Ensure that special areas are constructed so that walls can resist fire for one hour or have an approved fire extinguishing system. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0321 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Have elevators that firefighters can control in the event of a fire. Services Deficiencies · Tag K0531 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Have proper medical gas storage and administration areas. Gas, Vacuum, and Electrical Systems Deficiencies · Tag K0923 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Meet other general requirements. Construction Deficiencies · Tag K0100 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Install an approved automatic sprinkler system. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0351 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Fire safety | Inspect, test, and maintain automatic sprinkler systems. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0353 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected July 5, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Standard | Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards. Nutrition and Dietary Deficiencies · Tag F0812 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Standard | Create and put into place a plan for meeting the resident's most immediate needs within 48 hours of being admitted Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0655 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Standard | Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0684 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Standard | Provide appropriate care for a resident to maintain and/or improve range of motion (ROM), limited ROM and/or mobility, unless a decline is for a medical reason. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0688 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Standard | Provide safe and appropriate respiratory care for a resident when needed. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0695 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Complaint | Provide safe, appropriate pain management for a resident who requires such services. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0697 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Standard | Provide or obtain dental services for each resident. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0791 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Complaint | Ensure menus must meet the nutritional needs of residents, be prepared in advance, be followed, be updated, be reviewed by dietician, and meet the needs of the resident. Nutrition and Dietary Deficiencies · Tag F0803 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Standard | Encode each resident’s assessment data and transmit these data to the State within 7 days of assessment. Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0640 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Complaint | Assess the resident when there is a significant change in condition Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0637 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Standard | Ensure each resident receives an accurate assessment. Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0641 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| May 2, 2025 Standard | Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights. Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0550 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected June 15, 2025 |
| January 28, 2025 Complaint | Allow resident to participate in the development and implementation of his or her person-centered plan of care. Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0553 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected March 3, 2025 |
| January 28, 2025 Complaint | Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0689 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected March 3, 2025 |
| July 15, 2021 Fire safety | Install a fire alarm system that can be heard throughout the facility. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0341 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected September 24, 2021 |
| July 15, 2021 Fire safety | Inspect, test, and maintain automatic sprinkler systems. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0353 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected September 24, 2021 |
| July 15, 2021 Fire safety | Have approved installation, maintenance and testing program for fire alarm systems. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0345 | F Potential harm, widespread | Corrected September 24, 2021 |
| July 15, 2021 Fire safety | To conduct inspection, testing and maintenance of fire doors by qualified individuals. Miscellaneous Deficiencies · Tag K0761 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected September 24, 2021 |
| July 15, 2021 Fire safety | Ensure that special areas are constructed so that walls can resist fire for one hour or have an approved fire extinguishing system. Smoke Deficiencies · Tag K0321 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected September 24, 2021 |
| July 15, 2021 Standard | Ensure each resident’s drug regimen must be free from unnecessary drugs. Pharmacy Service Deficiencies · Tag F0757 | E Potential harm, pattern | Corrected August 16, 2021 |
| July 15, 2021 Standard | Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable. Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies · Tag F0677 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected August 16, 2021 |
| July 15, 2021 Standard | Safeguard resident-identifiable information and/or maintain medical records on each resident that are in accordance with accepted professional standards. Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies · Tag F0842 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected August 16, 2021 |
| July 15, 2021 Standard | Honor the resident's right to and the facility must promote and facilitate resident self-determination through support of resident choice. Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0561 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected August 16, 2021 |
| July 15, 2021 Standard | Honor the resident's right to voice grievances without discrimination or reprisal and the facility must establish a grievance policy and make prompt efforts to resolve grievances. Resident Rights Deficiencies · Tag F0585 | D Potential harm, isolated | Corrected August 16, 2021 |
Severity letters follow the CMS scope-and-severity grid: A–C no actual harm with potential for minimal harm; D–F potential for more than minimal harm; G–I actual harm; J–L immediate jeopardy to resident health or safety. How to read inspection citations.
Fines and payment denials
CMS reports no federal fines or payment denials in the past three years.
Owners and managers
Individuals and organizations reported to CMS as owning or operating this nursing home.
| Name | Role | Share | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALAMEDA GS OPER LLC Organization | 5% or greater direct ownership interest | 47% | 07/01/2016 |
| ROCKO HOLINGS LLC Organization | 5% or greater direct ownership interest | 33% | 07/01/2016 |
| SPADARO, JOHN Individual | contracted managing employee | NOT APPLICABLE | 07/01/2016 |
| ATTMAN, GARY Individual | corporate officer | NOT APPLICABLE | 07/01/2016 |
| ATTMAN, LEONARD Individual | corporate officer | NOT APPLICABLE | 07/01/2016 |
| FINGLASS, BRIAN Individual | corporate officer | NOT APPLICABLE | 07/01/2016 |
| SPADARO, JOHN Individual | corporate officer | NOT APPLICABLE | 07/01/2016 |
| ATTMAN, GARY Individual | operational/managerial control | NOT APPLICABLE | 07/01/2016 |
| FC OF BELVEDERE INC Organization | operational/managerial control | NOT APPLICABLE | 07/01/2016 |
Other nursing homes near Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC
Future Care Cold Spring
4700 Harford Road, Baltimore, MD 21214 · 1.3 mi
For-profit · 137 beds · Part of Future Care/Lifebridge Health
★★★★★2Below averageAutumn Lake Healthcare at Perring Parkway
1801 Wentworth Road, Baltimore, MD 21234 · 1.7 mi
For-profit · 125 beds · Part of Autumn Lake Healthcare
★★★★★3AverageAutumn Lake Healthcare at Homewood
6000 Bellona Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21212 · 1.8 mi
For-profit · 112 beds · Part of Autumn Lake Healthcare
- Abuse citation
★★★★★1Much below averageAutumn Lake Healthcare at Long Green
115 East Melrose Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21212 · 2 mi
For-profit · 135 beds · Part of Autumn Lake Healthcare
★★★★★1Much below averageHolly Hill Healthcare Center
531 Stevenson Lane, Towson, MD 21286 · 2.1 mi
For-profit · 75 beds · Part of Communicare Health
★★★★★3AverageThe Nursing and Rehab Center at Stadium Place
1010 East 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 · 2.3 mi
For-profit · 49 beds · Part of Lifeworks Rehab
★★★★★2Below average
Frequently asked questions
What is Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC's rating?
Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC has 4 out of 5 stars on the CMS overall star rating. The average for Maryland nursing homes is 3.2 stars.
How many inspection citations did Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC receive?
Its most recent standard health inspection found 15 citations, compared with a Maryland average of 17. Every citation is listed on this page with its severity.
Does Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC accept Medicare and Medicaid?
CMS lists it as certified for: Medicare and Medicaid. Call the facility to confirm bed availability and whether it accepts your specific plan.
Who owns Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC?
It is for profit - limited liability company and part of Future Care/Lifebridge Health. The ownership section on this page lists the owners and managers reported to CMS.
Where is Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC and how do I contact it?
Good Samaritan Nursing Home Operator, LLC is at 1601 East Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21239. Phone: (410) 532-5600.
About this data
Ratings and measures come from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Care Compare. They're based on state inspections, patient surveys and facility reports, and they describe the past. Facilities change, so visit in person and confirm details directly. About our data · Spotted an error? Let us know.